Handroid：当一台机器人既可以是灵巧手，也可以是人形机器人

TL;DR - Handroid is a 0.33 m, 2.05 kg, 27-DoF reconfigurable desktop robot from UNC Chapel Hill and Stanford whose single hardware set morphs between a five-fingered dexterous hand and a bipedal humanoid. It matters because it turns "morphology reuse" into a working open-source platform, arguing capability can come from recombining joints rather than adding parts.

• Design exploits the topological similarity between hand and body: thumb→head, index/pinky→arms, middle/ring→legs, palm→torso. Two linear DoF drive rack-and-pinion/slide-rail morphing; 20 DoF form the hand, 25 DoF the humanoid (12 in the legs). No disassembly needed.
• A ~40×80 mm mainboard handles actuator control, wireless telemetry, power, and thermal monitoring; body and fingertip IMUs are reused for hand control or body/foot state depending on morphology. A custom electromagnetic flange (~180 N holding force) lets it attach to and detach from a Franka Research 3 arm.
• Learning stack: Apple Vision Pro arm-hand teleoperation collected 100 demos over 10 objects to train an object-conditioned diffusion policy reaching 72% average real-world grasp success; sim-trained RL cube reorientation runs at 30 Hz on hardware. Humanoid mode uses ZMP/keyframe reference-tracking RL (0.12 rad joint error, 0.0019 m body error in sim) and velocity-command RL (0.052 m/s tracking error at 0.20 m/s).
• A long-horizon demo chains both forms: hand mode on the arm → switch to humanoid, detach, walk and avoid obstacles to push a box into the arm's workspace → switch back, reattach, and place a bottle in the box. CAD and BoM are open-sourced at handroid.org. (Note: the cited arXiv link, 2607.16187, appears malformed in the source.)