MedRSI: Recursive Self-Improvement for Medical Agents via Clinically Aligned Self-Evolution

TL;DR - MedRSI is a recursive self-improvement framework that turns medical agents’ diagnostic failures into validated new capabilities. It aims to enable continual improvement while reducing clinical risk through consequence-aware prioritization and conservative capability adoption.

• Prioritizes failures by potential clinical harm rather than frequency alone.
• Separates rapid tool discovery from slow registration, retaining capabilities only after sustained benefits across later patient cohorts.
• Composes tools and trains task-specific models to add segmentation, measurement, prediction, multimodal reasoning, and generation capabilities.
• On public glaucoma and heart-disease benchmarks plus two private clinical tasks, it reportedly outperformed manually engineered agents and found solutions not anticipated by its designers.