Cell：局部化CAR-T细胞疗法，重编程神经炎症，安全精准治疗多发性硬化症等神经免疫疾病

TL;DR - A Cell study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify pathogenic PD-1+ Tfh-like cells in multiple sclerosis and developed localized, IL-10-armed PD-1 CAR-T cells to target them. The approach reduced neuroinflammation and promoted tissue-repairing immune states in mouse models.

• Patient profiling revealed a PD-1+ CD4 T-cell subset linked to local B-cell activation and antibody production in the central nervous system.
• PD-1-targeted CAR-T cells selectively depleted these pathogenic cells and reduced B-cell and plasma-cell infiltration.
• Inflammation-responsive IL-10 release shifted disease-associated microglia toward reparative phenotypes while limiting CAR-T exhaustion and systemic cytokine exposure.
• The combined “depletion plus repair” strategy improved outcomes across multiple mouse neuroinflammation models; clinical efficacy was not established.