智能的实质是信息：一个新科学体系的宣言

TL;DR - This essay presents Li Angsheng’s proposed information-science framework, arguing that intelligence is fundamentally information and should be studied separately from physical properties. It is a conceptual manifesto rather than an empirical result.

• It decomposes “intelligence” into learning, self-awareness, strategizing, decision-making, action, and validation.
• It defines information as eliminated uncertainty and strategy as a method for reducing uncertainty.
• It proposes “information calculus,” encoding trees, and structural entropy as foundations for a science parallel to physics.
• The framework is presented as extensible to computing, biology, and social science, but those applications remain prospective.