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Grounding latent algorithm routing in transformer reasoning

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TL;DR - ROUTEBENCH shows that dense transformers trained from scratch can learn internal routing behavior that selects among solver families based on the latent data regime. This provides controlled evidence for algorithm-like adaptation during in-context learning, without claiming the behavior generalizes to pretrained LLMs.

  • A 306M-parameter model closed 80.9% of the oracle-routing gap and achieved 84.1 route F1.
  • Routing differentiated ridge-, lasso-, Huber-, and kNN-like strategies associated with shrinkage, sparsity, robustness, and locality.
  • The behavior persisted across natural-language renderings, shuffled examples, lexical paraphrases, and unified four-way routing.
  • Probing and activation patching indicated that route-related internal directions were both decodable and functionally involved in outputs.

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Grounding latent algorithm routing in transformer reasoning

arXiv cs.CL Xiangbo Zhang, Xiaoxu Ma 2026-07-27 arXiv:2607.24471
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 1 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 1 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-26 14:44:05.273281 UTC

TL;DR - ROUTEBENCH shows that dense transformers trained from scratch can learn internal routing behavior that selects among solver families based on the latent data regime. This provides controlled evidence for algorithm-like adaptation during in-context learning, without claiming the behavior generalizes to pretrained LLMs.

  • A 306M-parameter model closed 80.9% of the oracle-routing gap and achieved 84.1 route F1.
  • Routing differentiated ridge-, lasso-, Huber-, and kNN-like strategies associated with shrinkage, sparsity, robustness, and locality.
  • The behavior persisted across natural-language renderings, shuffled examples, lexical paraphrases, and unified four-way routing.
  • Probing and activation patching indicated that route-related internal directions were both decodable and functionally involved in outputs.
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