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ORCA-bench: How Ready Are Language Model Agents for Oncall?

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TL;DR - ORCA-bench evaluates coding agents on production-like oncall root cause analysis using real telemetry interfaces and source code. Frontier agents achieve only 25.3% accuracy on medium tasks and 10.0% on hard tasks, indicating they are not yet reliable for production operations.

  • Includes 1,079 tasks over a six-day, 50 GB OpenTelemetry-instrumented microservice testbed.
  • Tasks vary report specificity, detection delay, and combinations of concurrent faults.
  • Ground-truth symptoms were expert-reviewed, with strong human agreement on judge rescoring (weighted Cohen’s Îş = 0.90).
  • Removing source-code access degraded every metric; the weakest model hallucinated implausible causes in 40% of reports.

Sources (1)

ORCA-bench: How Ready Are Language Model Agents for Oncall?

arXiv cs.CL Albert Gong, Kyuseong Choi, Abhineet Agarwal, Jason Schechner, Ryan Huang, Raj Agrawal, Anish Agarwal, Raaz Dwivedi 2026-07-30 arXiv:2607.28545
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-26 14:40:56.343386 UTC

TL;DR - ORCA-bench evaluates coding agents on production-like oncall root cause analysis using real telemetry interfaces and source code. Frontier agents achieve only 25.3% accuracy on medium tasks and 10.0% on hard tasks, indicating they are not yet reliable for production operations.

  • Includes 1,079 tasks over a six-day, 50 GB OpenTelemetry-instrumented microservice testbed.
  • Tasks vary report specificity, detection delay, and combinations of concurrent faults.
  • Ground-truth symptoms were expert-reviewed, with strong human agreement on judge rescoring (weighted Cohen’s Îş = 0.90).
  • Removing source-code access degraded every metric; the weakest model hallucinated implausible causes in 40% of reports.
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