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Linear Independent Component Analysis via Optimal Transport

Research Theory & Methods

Merged summary

TL;DR — A new linear ICA method (OT-ICA) that measures non-Gaussianity via the squared Wasserstein-2 distance to a standard Gaussian instead of classical proxy contrasts, giving a distribution-agnostic way to recover independent source signals.

  • Replaces negentropy proxies (fourth-order cumulants, parametric log-likelihoods) with the optimal-transport distance $W_2^2$ between a standard normal and linear projections of the data.
  • Provides a theoretical result: this Wasserstein distance is maximized exactly when the projection recovers an independent component; OT-ICA optimizes it via gradient descent.
  • On simulated data, OT-ICA reportedly outperforms proxy-based methods across different latent-variable distributions.
  • Demonstrated on applied tasks—EEG artifact removal and econometric price discovery—without requiring distributional assumptions.

Sources (1)

Linear Independent Component Analysis via Optimal Transport

arXiv cs.LG Ashutosh Jha, Michel Besserve, Simon Buchholz 2026-07-15 arXiv:2607.14081

TL;DR — A new linear ICA method (OT-ICA) that measures non-Gaussianity via the squared Wasserstein-2 distance to a standard Gaussian instead of classical proxy contrasts, giving a distribution-agnostic way to recover independent source signals.

  • Replaces negentropy proxies (fourth-order cumulants, parametric log-likelihoods) with the optimal-transport distance $W_2^2$ between a standard normal and linear projections of the data.
  • Provides a theoretical result: this Wasserstein distance is maximized exactly when the projection recovers an independent component; OT-ICA optimizes it via gradient descent.
  • On simulated data, OT-ICA reportedly outperforms proxy-based methods across different latent-variable distributions.
  • Demonstrated on applied tasks—EEG artifact removal and econometric price discovery—without requiring distributional assumptions.
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