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PCAP-LM: An LLM-Native Text Representation for TLS Bulk Traffic Analysis

Research Efficiency & Systems

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Overall 75
Content 90
Popularity 40

Observed public metrics from 1 member.

Merged summary

TL;DR - PCAP-LM converts verbose TLS packet captures into an LLM-oriented text format, shrinking them enough to fit entire captures in one context window while retaining strong forensic QA performance.

  • Encodes packet direction, TCP/TLS state, size, and timing with a compact ASCII “PacketGlyph” alphabet.
  • Combines constrained PMI-BPE tokenization, motif run-length encoding, and a lossless packet-reference side index.
  • Achieved 812× compression over tshark -V and 99.3% QA accuracy, versus 51.0% for a token-matched tshark prefix.
  • Evaluation was limited to homogeneous 4G/5G TLS 1.3 downloads; retransmission detection had a 24% false-negative rate.

Sources (1)

PCAP-LM: An LLM-Native Text Representation for TLS Bulk Traffic Analysis

arXiv cs.NI Xavier Marjou, Lucas Tamic, Ilan Jaffeux-Cheniout 2026-07-30 arXiv:2607.28100
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-24 14:29:09.394896 UTC

TL;DR - PCAP-LM converts verbose TLS packet captures into an LLM-oriented text format, shrinking them enough to fit entire captures in one context window while retaining strong forensic QA performance.

  • Encodes packet direction, TCP/TLS state, size, and timing with a compact ASCII “PacketGlyph” alphabet.
  • Combines constrained PMI-BPE tokenization, motif run-length encoding, and a lossless packet-reference side index.
  • Achieved 812× compression over tshark -V and 99.3% QA accuracy, versus 51.0% for a token-matched tshark prefix.
  • Evaluation was limited to homogeneous 4G/5G TLS 1.3 downloads; retransmission detection had a 24% false-negative rate.
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