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Do Agent Optimizers Compound? A Continual-Learning Evaluation on Terminal-Bench 2.0

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TL;DR — A continual-learning evaluation on Terminal-Bench 2.0 tests whether agent-optimization gains compound across successive optimization rounds, finding that only regression-controlled optimization sustains and grows improvements. This matters because deployed agents are optimized recursively as new tasks and failures appear, not just once against a fixed benchmark.

  • Compares three agent-harness optimizers (GEPA, Meta Harness, RELAI-VCL) under identical budgets in a two-phase continual setup; all three beat the baseline in the conventional single-phase static test.
  • Behaviors diverge once new tasks arrive: GEPA transfers below the unoptimized baseline, Meta Harness transfers well but stops improving with a second budget, and RELAI-VCL both transfers positively and keeps improving.
  • RELAI-VCL reaches the highest lifelong average pass rate (76.4% vs. 66.0% GEPA, 64.6% Meta Harness, 58.7% baseline).
  • Key claim: gains compound only when regression control is built into the optimization loop, biasing against non-generalizing shortcut solutions.

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Do Agent Optimizers Compound? A Continual-Learning Evaluation on Terminal-Bench 2.0

arXiv cs.AI Wenxiao Wang, Priyatham Kattakinda, Soheil Feizi 2026-07-15 arXiv:2607.14004
Public signals Hugging Face upvotes 0
Providers: Hugging Face · Upvotes 0 OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-15 14:34:21.640018 UTC

TL;DR — A continual-learning evaluation on Terminal-Bench 2.0 tests whether agent-optimization gains compound across successive optimization rounds, finding that only regression-controlled optimization sustains and grows improvements. This matters because deployed agents are optimized recursively as new tasks and failures appear, not just once against a fixed benchmark.

  • Compares three agent-harness optimizers (GEPA, Meta Harness, RELAI-VCL) under identical budgets in a two-phase continual setup; all three beat the baseline in the conventional single-phase static test.
  • Behaviors diverge once new tasks arrive: GEPA transfers below the unoptimized baseline, Meta Harness transfers well but stops improving with a second budget, and RELAI-VCL both transfers positively and keeps improving.
  • RELAI-VCL reaches the highest lifelong average pass rate (76.4% vs. 66.0% GEPA, 64.6% Meta Harness, 58.7% baseline).
  • Key claim: gains compound only when regression control is built into the optimization loop, biasing against non-generalizing shortcut solutions.
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