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DASH: Divergence-Adaptive Supervision Horizons for On-Policy Self-Distillation of Reasoning Models

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TL;DR - DASH is a training method for reasoning LLMs that reweights token-level self-distillation supervision based on how teacher-student divergence evolves across a rollout, rather than treating every token's divergence identically. It matters because it squeezes better math-reasoning gains out of on-policy self-distillation at zero extra compute.

  • Context: RLVR gives sparse sequence-level rewards; on-policy self-distillation (OPSD) densifies this by querying a privileged teacher at student-visited prefixes for token-level distributional supervision.
  • Identified gap: standard OPSD applies a uniform coefficient to every local divergence, ignoring token position and the preceding discrepancy history, so it cannot distinguish equal-magnitude divergences arising from different temporal contexts.
  • Method: DASH compares each local distillation signal to the sequence-level mean, maps that gap to an adaptive propagation gate, and uses the gates to control backward multi-step aggregation of supervision weights.
  • Results: improves over matched vanilla OPSD reruns on all three mathematical reasoning benchmarks at all three model scales tested, reusing distributions OPSD already computes — no extra teacher or student forward passes. Code at github.com/DBtxy/DASH-OPSD.

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DASH: Divergence-Adaptive Supervision Horizons for On-Policy Self-Distillation of Reasoning Models

arXiv cs.AI ZhiYan Hou, Xinyu Tang, Hongyan An, Jianjin Zhang, Weizhen Wang, Yunyun Han, Gengsheng Li, Xiangzhao Hao, Haiyun Guo, Wenbin Hu, Jinqiao Wang, Yafeng Deng 2026-08-06 arXiv:2608.06243
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-23 14:18:01.157339 UTC

TL;DR - DASH is a training method for reasoning LLMs that reweights token-level self-distillation supervision based on how teacher-student divergence evolves across a rollout, rather than treating every token's divergence identically. It matters because it squeezes better math-reasoning gains out of on-policy self-distillation at zero extra compute.

  • Context: RLVR gives sparse sequence-level rewards; on-policy self-distillation (OPSD) densifies this by querying a privileged teacher at student-visited prefixes for token-level distributional supervision.
  • Identified gap: standard OPSD applies a uniform coefficient to every local divergence, ignoring token position and the preceding discrepancy history, so it cannot distinguish equal-magnitude divergences arising from different temporal contexts.
  • Method: DASH compares each local distillation signal to the sequence-level mean, maps that gap to an adaptive propagation gate, and uses the gates to control backward multi-step aggregation of supervision weights.
  • Results: improves over matched vanilla OPSD reruns on all three mathematical reasoning benchmarks at all three model scales tested, reusing distributions OPSD already computes — no extra teacher or student forward passes. Code at github.com/DBtxy/DASH-OPSD.
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