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OTLesMix: Wasserstein Barycenter and Optimal Transport Map for Synthetic Lesion Generation with Diverse Shapes and Locations

Research Medical/Healthcare AI

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TL;DR - OTLesMix is a data-augmentation method that uses Wasserstein barycenters and optimal transport maps to synthesize brain lesions with more varied shapes and locations than existing mix-based augmentation. It matters because lesion segmentation models are data-starved, and this yields measurable Dice gains over training without synthetic data.

  • Targets a known limitation of mixing-based augmentation (e.g. sample-combination strategies): synthesized lesions show limited variability in shape and location.
  • Uses the Wasserstein barycenter plus the optimal transport plan between real samples to interpolate lesions, producing realistic yet diverse synthetic examples.
  • Evaluated on three brain lesion segmentation tasks; improves Dice by 2.9–6.6 points versus a model trained without synthetic data.
  • Reported to outperform state-of-the-art mix-based augmentation baselines; no architecture change is implied — the contribution is at the data-synthesis stage.

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OTLesMix: Wasserstein Barycenter and Optimal Transport Map for Synthetic Lesion Generation with Diverse Shapes and Locations

arXiv cs.CV Robin Trombetta, Carole Lartizien 2026-08-06 arXiv:2608.06264
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-17 09:45:45.012265 UTC

TL;DR - OTLesMix is a data-augmentation method that uses Wasserstein barycenters and optimal transport maps to synthesize brain lesions with more varied shapes and locations than existing mix-based augmentation. It matters because lesion segmentation models are data-starved, and this yields measurable Dice gains over training without synthetic data.

  • Targets a known limitation of mixing-based augmentation (e.g. sample-combination strategies): synthesized lesions show limited variability in shape and location.
  • Uses the Wasserstein barycenter plus the optimal transport plan between real samples to interpolate lesions, producing realistic yet diverse synthetic examples.
  • Evaluated on three brain lesion segmentation tasks; improves Dice by 2.9–6.6 points versus a model trained without synthetic data.
  • Reported to outperform state-of-the-art mix-based augmentation baselines; no architecture change is implied — the contribution is at the data-synthesis stage.
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