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NeuronSoup: Evolving Asynchronous, Shared-Neuron Temporal Graphs without Backpropagation

Research Neuroevolution

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TL;DR - NeuronSoup is a backprop-free neural architecture that co-evolves topology, weights, delays, and connectivity via a genetic algorithm, using asynchronous signal propagation through a pool of shared neurons. It matters as a proof-of-concept that non-differentiable, gradient-free methods can produce compact, per-sample-adaptive computation.

  • Replaces synchronous layer-by-layer processing with asynchronous, delay-mediated signals; paths route continuous values through shared hidden neurons, where arrival timing/polarity causes constructive or destructive interference.
  • A genetic algorithm optimizes a flat 14,602-gene real-valued genome; the authors claim GAs are the right tool here and report that CMA-ES fails at this scale.
  • On 10-class MNIST using frozen ResNet18 features, it evolved 204 active paths through 266 hidden neurons (156 shared) and reached 85.9% test accuracy after 10,000 generations, in a 115 KB model.
  • Claimed advantages: no differentiable computation graph, per-sample adaptive depth, and emergent lateral pathway interactions; results are limited to one benchmark with pre-extracted features, so generalization claims remain unproven.

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NeuronSoup: Evolving Asynchronous, Shared-Neuron Temporal Graphs without Backpropagation

arXiv cs.NE Subodh Kalia 2026-07-16 arXiv:2607.15217
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-08 14:29:14.797807 UTC

TL;DR - NeuronSoup is a backprop-free neural architecture that co-evolves topology, weights, delays, and connectivity via a genetic algorithm, using asynchronous signal propagation through a pool of shared neurons. It matters as a proof-of-concept that non-differentiable, gradient-free methods can produce compact, per-sample-adaptive computation.

  • Replaces synchronous layer-by-layer processing with asynchronous, delay-mediated signals; paths route continuous values through shared hidden neurons, where arrival timing/polarity causes constructive or destructive interference.
  • A genetic algorithm optimizes a flat 14,602-gene real-valued genome; the authors claim GAs are the right tool here and report that CMA-ES fails at this scale.
  • On 10-class MNIST using frozen ResNet18 features, it evolved 204 active paths through 266 hidden neurons (156 shared) and reached 85.9% test accuracy after 10,000 generations, in a 115 KB model.
  • Claimed advantages: no differentiable computation graph, per-sample adaptive depth, and emergent lateral pathway interactions; results are limited to one benchmark with pre-extracted features, so generalization claims remain unproven.
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