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Mask-Aware Policy Gradients for Diffusion Language Models

Research LLMs & Foundation Models

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TL;DR - A method to apply reinforcement learning to Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) by properly accounting for the token-placement and position-unmasking decisions during generation, improving reasoning and coding performance.

  • Reframes MDLM generation as a two-stage action MDP, where each step decides both what tokens to place at masked positions and which positions to remask.
  • Shows the policy gradient decomposes into a token term and a masking term; prior approaches ignored the unmasking order, only modeling token predictions.
  • Optimizing both terms jointly yields state-of-the-art results: 87.1% on GSM8K (math) and 53.4% on MBPP (coding).
  • Addresses a core challenge in RL for diffusion LMs: the intractable log-likelihood estimation.

Sources (1)

Mask-Aware Policy Gradients for Diffusion Language Models

arXiv cs.CL Haran Raajesh, Kulin Shah, Adam Klivans, Philipp Krähenbühl 2026-07-16 arXiv:2607.15200
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-11 03:04:17.305821 UTC

TL;DR - A method to apply reinforcement learning to Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) by properly accounting for the token-placement and position-unmasking decisions during generation, improving reasoning and coding performance.

  • Reframes MDLM generation as a two-stage action MDP, where each step decides both what tokens to place at masked positions and which positions to remask.
  • Shows the policy gradient decomposes into a token term and a masking term; prior approaches ignored the unmasking order, only modeling token predictions.
  • Optimizing both terms jointly yields state-of-the-art results: 87.1% on GSM8K (math) and 53.4% on MBPP (coding).
  • Addresses a core challenge in RL for diffusion LMs: the intractable log-likelihood estimation.
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