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TRAPSBench: Vision-Language Models Encode but Fail to Express Epistemic Restraint

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TL;DR - TRAPSBench shows that vision-language models can internally recognize when visual evidence is insufficient, yet often answer instead of abstaining. This representation–output gap suggests that improving epistemic restraint may require output-stage interventions.

  • TRAPSBench contains 1,404 matched video-physics pairs, with targeted changes making outcomes visually undeterminable.
  • Across 16 VLMs from five families, spontaneous restraint was poor; the best Penalized Epistemic Calibration Score was 0.292.
  • Linear probes decoded answerability from hidden states at up to 0.91 AUROC, while single-layer steering causally altered abstention.
  • Models recognized textual impossibility roughly four times more readily than missing visual evidence.

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TRAPSBench: Vision-Language Models Encode but Fail to Express Epistemic Restraint

arXiv cs.CV Fnu Pramono, John Cai, Sourabh Kulkarni 2026-08-13 arXiv:2608.13167
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-08-15 14:15:54.770823 UTC

TL;DR - TRAPSBench shows that vision-language models can internally recognize when visual evidence is insufficient, yet often answer instead of abstaining. This representation–output gap suggests that improving epistemic restraint may require output-stage interventions.

  • TRAPSBench contains 1,404 matched video-physics pairs, with targeted changes making outcomes visually undeterminable.
  • Across 16 VLMs from five families, spontaneous restraint was poor; the best Penalized Epistemic Calibration Score was 0.292.
  • Linear probes decoded answerability from hidden states at up to 0.91 AUROC, while single-layer steering causally altered abstention.
  • Models recognized textual impossibility roughly four times more readily than missing visual evidence.
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