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Would this change your answer? Evaluating Explanations of LLM Behavior In The Wild with Counterfactual Experiments

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TL;DR - CHIVE is an agentic pipeline that evaluates explanations of real-world LLM behavior by testing whether they predict responses to counterfactual prompt edits. Existing interpretability methods showed no predictive uplift, while training on CHIVE experiments improved out-of-distribution generalization.

  • Uses counterfactual simulatability as a practical measure of explanation quality.
  • Generates thousands of explanations paired with supporting counterfactual evidence.
  • Finds no benefit from the evaluated interpretability techniques for predicting counterfactual behavior.
  • CHIVE-generated training data generalizes across multiple out-of-distribution settings.

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Would this change your answer? Evaluating Explanations of LLM Behavior In The Wild with Counterfactual Experiments

arXiv cs.LG Adam Karvonen, Euan Ong, Subhash Kantamneni, Samuel Marks 2026-08-17 arXiv:2608.16747
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-15 14:31:45.413010 UTC

TL;DR - CHIVE is an agentic pipeline that evaluates explanations of real-world LLM behavior by testing whether they predict responses to counterfactual prompt edits. Existing interpretability methods showed no predictive uplift, while training on CHIVE experiments improved out-of-distribution generalization.

  • Uses counterfactual simulatability as a practical measure of explanation quality.
  • Generates thousands of explanations paired with supporting counterfactual evidence.
  • Finds no benefit from the evaluated interpretability techniques for predicting counterfactual behavior.
  • CHIVE-generated training data generalizes across multiple out-of-distribution settings.
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