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Language models judge war differently when tested for alignment

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TL;DR - A study of 20 large language models finds that explicitly telling models they are being tested for human-value alignment substantially reduces their stated willingness to start a war and changes the factors driving their decisions. This suggests safety evaluations may misrepresent deployed behavior when models react to evaluation cues.

  • The full-factorial experiment covered 32 scenarios, 10 repetitions, and two conditions, totaling 12,800 judgments.
  • Adding an alignment-testing cue reduced mean willingness to start war by 13.43 points on a 0–100 scale.
  • At baseline, probability of success was the largest factor for 17 of 20 models; with the cue, civilian casualties became largest for 12 models.
  • The shift primarily reflected reduced weighting of strategic considerations, including probability of success and domestic support.

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Language models judge war differently when tested for alignment

arXiv cs.AI Maxim Chupilkin 2026-09-04 arXiv:2609.05009
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-17 14:22:58.303550 UTC

TL;DR - A study of 20 large language models finds that explicitly telling models they are being tested for human-value alignment substantially reduces their stated willingness to start a war and changes the factors driving their decisions. This suggests safety evaluations may misrepresent deployed behavior when models react to evaluation cues.

  • The full-factorial experiment covered 32 scenarios, 10 repetitions, and two conditions, totaling 12,800 judgments.
  • Adding an alignment-testing cue reduced mean willingness to start war by 13.43 points on a 0–100 scale.
  • At baseline, probability of success was the largest factor for 17 of 20 models; with the cue, civilian casualties became largest for 12 models.
  • The shift primarily reflected reduced weighting of strategic considerations, including probability of success and domestic support.
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