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RAG-Safety-Bench: Reliable Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented LLM Safety

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TL;DR - RAG-Safety-Bench evaluates how retrieval-augmented generation affects LLM safety by isolating retrieval context from retriever quality. Results across five open-source LLMs indicate that existing safety guardrails may not reliably carry over to RAG deployments.

  • Tests four settings: no RAG, oracle harmful-answer documents, related documents without answers, and random safe documents.
  • Finds an inverse relationship between benign capability and unsafe capability.
  • Shows that baseline model safeguards do not guarantee safe outputs after retrieval.
  • Finds model-specific evidence that even benign retrieved documents can increase unsafe generation.

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RAG-Safety-Bench: Reliable Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented LLM Safety

arXiv cs.CL Adithiyan Rajan Indira Saravanan, Kathleen C. Fraser 2026-09-10 arXiv:2609.11758
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-17 14:19:49.220047 UTC

TL;DR - RAG-Safety-Bench evaluates how retrieval-augmented generation affects LLM safety by isolating retrieval context from retriever quality. Results across five open-source LLMs indicate that existing safety guardrails may not reliably carry over to RAG deployments.

  • Tests four settings: no RAG, oracle harmful-answer documents, related documents without answers, and random safe documents.
  • Finds an inverse relationship between benign capability and unsafe capability.
  • Shows that baseline model safeguards do not guarantee safe outputs after retrieval.
  • Finds model-specific evidence that even benign retrieved documents can increase unsafe generation.
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