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RRSI: Regularized Recursive Self-Improvement of Agent Harnesses

Research LLM Agents

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TL;DR - RRSI regularizes recursive self-improvement of LLM agent harnesses to reduce benchmark overfitting and promote reusable improvements. Across eight coding, workspace, and engineering-design benchmarks, it improved both in-distribution and out-of-distribution performance while using fewer policy tokens.

  • Constrains candidate proposals with an annealed edit budget and encourages exploration of previously unused evolution paths.
  • Uses a critic to reject benchmark-specific proposals and a pruner to remove changes that are marginal, costly, or obsolete.
  • Achieved gains of up to 14.1 points on the evolution split and up to 4.7 points across five out-of-distribution benchmarks.
  • Produced a harness using 30% fewer policy tokens than unregularized evolution.

Sources (1)

RRSI: Regularized Recursive Self-Improvement of Agent Harnesses

arXiv cs.LG Peng Xia, Rujun Han, Zifeng Wang, Yanfei Chen, Yufan Zhang, Yoonho Lee, Chengsong Huang, Han Yu, Zhongying CuiZhu, Yifei Ming, Huaxiu Yao, Burak Gokturk, Tomas Pfister, Chen-Yu Lee 2026-09-21 arXiv:2609.24972
Public signals Hugging Face upvotes 202
Providers: Hugging Face · Upvotes 202 OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-25 14:17:07.598025 UTC

TL;DR - RRSI regularizes recursive self-improvement of LLM agent harnesses to reduce benchmark overfitting and promote reusable improvements. Across eight coding, workspace, and engineering-design benchmarks, it improved both in-distribution and out-of-distribution performance while using fewer policy tokens.

  • Constrains candidate proposals with an annealed edit budget and encourages exploration of previously unused evolution paths.
  • Uses a critic to reject benchmark-specific proposals and a pruner to remove changes that are marginal, costly, or obsolete.
  • Achieved gains of up to 14.1 points on the evolution split and up to 4.7 points across five out-of-distribution benchmarks.
  • Produced a harness using 30% fewer policy tokens than unregularized evolution.
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