Nature Cancer：董玲/胡小明/沈锡中合作揭示，低蛋白饮食通过肠道细菌增强胰腺癌的抗肿瘤免疫

TL;DR - A Nature Cancer study reports that a low-protein diet suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in male mice by altering gut bacteria and strengthening antitumor immunity. The findings suggest a microbiome-mediated dietary strategy that could improve anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, though clinical efficacy remains unproven.

• The diet enriched Blautia coccoides, whose UDP-galactose metabolite activated the macrophage P2Y14R–STAT1 pathway and promoted an immunostimulatory phenotype.
• Depleting gut microbes eliminated the diet’s protective effects, while fecal microbiota transplantation transferred them to recipient mice.
• Combining the diet, B. coccoides, or UDP-galactose with anti-PD-1 therapy extended mouse survival more than anti-PD-1 alone.
• In advanced PDAC patients, lower fecal B. coccoides abundance and serum UDP-galactose levels were associated with worse prognosis.