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Information Abundance Paradox: Long-Context Training Undermines Parametric Knowledge

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TL;DR - Long-context training can weaken an LLM’s parametric knowledge by encouraging it to retrieve information from context rather than internalize it. Performance peaks at an intermediate context length, challenging the assumption that longer training contexts are always beneficial.

  • Longer pretraining contexts initially improve language modeling, understanding, and closed-book MCQA, but performance declines beyond an intermediate optimum.
  • Fine-tuning with abundant relevant context improves supported-context performance while reducing robustness when test-time context is absent or misleading.
  • Informative contexts shift gradient pressure from feed-forward networks toward attention modules.
  • Causal interventions indicate that this architectural shift increases contextual reliance during inference.

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Information Abundance Paradox: Long-Context Training Undermines Parametric Knowledge

arXiv cs.CL Arda Uzunoglu, Benjamin van Durme, Daniel Khashabi 2026-08-12 arXiv:2608.12218
Public signals Hugging Face upvotes 6
Providers: Hugging Face · Upvotes 6 OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-12 14:28:11.104227 UTC

TL;DR - Long-context training can weaken an LLM’s parametric knowledge by encouraging it to retrieve information from context rather than internalize it. Performance peaks at an intermediate context length, challenging the assumption that longer training contexts are always beneficial.

  • Longer pretraining contexts initially improve language modeling, understanding, and closed-book MCQA, but performance declines beyond an intermediate optimum.
  • Fine-tuning with abundant relevant context improves supported-context performance while reducing robustness when test-time context is absent or misleading.
  • Informative contexts shift gradient pressure from feed-forward networks toward attention modules.
  • Causal interventions indicate that this architectural shift increases contextual reliance during inference.
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