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Refusing Intent, Not Form: Wrapper-Based Intent-Group Supervision for LLM Safety

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Merged summary

TL;DR - WIFA trains LLMs to base refusal decisions on harmful intent rather than prompt formatting by pairing wrapped harmful prompts with structurally matched benign examples. It improves resistance to wrapper-based safety bypasses while reducing benign over-refusal.

  • WIFA automatically creates intent-group supervision without external teachers or per-wrapper intent labels.
  • WIFA-Boost achieves the strongest transformed-harmful refusal in the reported Qwen experiments.
  • A-GCRT enforces consistent decisions across same-intent wrappers and separates harmful and benign groups with a margin.
  • A-GCRT lowers Qwen’s OR-Bench over-refusal from 25.7% to 17.4%, with Llama experiments and ablations supporting the approach.

Sources (1)

Refusing Intent, Not Form: Wrapper-Based Intent-Group Supervision for LLM Safety

arXiv cs.CL Ping Wu, Haibo Tong, Feifei Zhao, Han Shen, Yu Shi, Yilin Zhao, Sicheng Shen, Guobin Shen, Yun Luo, Yi Zeng 2026-08-13 arXiv:2608.13304
Public signals Hugging Face upvotes 0
Providers: Hugging Face · Upvotes 0 OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-15 14:32:54.684009 UTC

TL;DR - WIFA trains LLMs to base refusal decisions on harmful intent rather than prompt formatting by pairing wrapped harmful prompts with structurally matched benign examples. It improves resistance to wrapper-based safety bypasses while reducing benign over-refusal.

  • WIFA automatically creates intent-group supervision without external teachers or per-wrapper intent labels.
  • WIFA-Boost achieves the strongest transformed-harmful refusal in the reported Qwen experiments.
  • A-GCRT enforces consistent decisions across same-intent wrappers and separates harmful and benign groups with a margin.
  • A-GCRT lowers Qwen’s OR-Bench over-refusal from 25.7% to 17.4%, with Llama experiments and ablations supporting the approach.
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