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Not All Eval-Awareness Is Equal: Capabilities Framing Predicts Compliance

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TL;DR - This paper finds that eval-awareness is not a behaviorally uniform signal: whether a model frames testing as a capabilities check or a safety-boundary check strongly predicts compliance. This matters because aggregate suppression metrics may obscure whether safety-relevant awareness actually changed.

  • On Qwen3-32B and FORTRESS, capabilities-framed awareness predicted 24–46 percentage points more compliance than safety-framed awareness across all steering conditions.
  • Chain-of-thought eval-awareness was classified as capabilities-flavored, safety-flavored, both, or neither.
  • CoT-prefill experiments shifted compliance in the predicted direction for 10 of 11 prefills, suggesting a causal relationship.
  • Identical aggregate eval-awareness suppression rates can correspond to qualitatively different safety outcomes.

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Not All Eval-Awareness Is Equal: Capabilities Framing Predicts Compliance

arXiv cs.AI Allison Zhuang, Santiago Aranguri 2026-08-27 arXiv:2608.27340
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-14 14:14:30.959127 UTC

TL;DR - This paper finds that eval-awareness is not a behaviorally uniform signal: whether a model frames testing as a capabilities check or a safety-boundary check strongly predicts compliance. This matters because aggregate suppression metrics may obscure whether safety-relevant awareness actually changed.

  • On Qwen3-32B and FORTRESS, capabilities-framed awareness predicted 24–46 percentage points more compliance than safety-framed awareness across all steering conditions.
  • Chain-of-thought eval-awareness was classified as capabilities-flavored, safety-flavored, both, or neither.
  • CoT-prefill experiments shifted compliance in the predicted direction for 10 of 11 prefills, suggesting a causal relationship.
  • Identical aggregate eval-awareness suppression rates can correspond to qualitatively different safety outcomes.
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