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A Table Is Worth 64 Tokens: Pixel-level Compression for Multi-Table Document Question Answering

Research Efficiency & Systems

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Representative image for A Table Is Worth 64 Tokens: Pixel-level Compression for Multi-Table Document Question Answering

Merged summary

TL;DR - This paper introduces a training-free, two-stage approach that uses heavily compressed table images for relevance filtering, then native-resolution tables for question answering. On long multi-table documents, it reduces total token use by 41% while improving accuracy by 7 points over native-resolution single-step QA.

  • Native-resolution table images match text-based representations in performance and efficiency across the evaluated VLMs.
  • Moderate downscaling hurts readability and triggers longer, less effective reasoning traces, offsetting expected token savings.
  • Highly compressed tables retain enough information for models to identify which tables are relevant.
  • The two-stage method uses 15% fewer tokens than the most efficient single-step compressed setup without sacrificing accuracy.

Sources (1)

A Table Is Worth 64 Tokens: Pixel-level Compression for Multi-Table Document Question Answering

arXiv cs.AI Iñigo Alonso, Mirella Lapata 2026-08-27 arXiv:2608.26949
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-04 14:14:56.353195 UTC

TL;DR - This paper introduces a training-free, two-stage approach that uses heavily compressed table images for relevance filtering, then native-resolution tables for question answering. On long multi-table documents, it reduces total token use by 41% while improving accuracy by 7 points over native-resolution single-step QA.

  • Native-resolution table images match text-based representations in performance and efficiency across the evaluated VLMs.
  • Moderate downscaling hurts readability and triggers longer, less effective reasoning traces, offsetting expected token savings.
  • Highly compressed tables retain enough information for models to identify which tables are relevant.
  • The two-stage method uses 15% fewer tokens than the most efficient single-step compressed setup without sacrificing accuracy.
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