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CellRFT: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Single-Cell Perturbation Modeling

Research Bioinformatics AI

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TL;DR - CellRFT is a reinforcement fine-tuning framework for single-cell perturbation models that directly optimizes non-differentiable biological evaluation criteria. It aims to align training with biologically meaningful outcomes rather than relying solely on surrogate losses.

  • Uses policy-gradient optimization with evaluations of generated cell populations as training feedback.
  • Combines multiple biological rewards through hierarchical reward aggregation.
  • Experiments across different pretrained models report improved perturbation prediction.
  • Results show that biological criteria can conflict or reinforce one another, highlighting implications for reward and evaluation design.

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CellRFT: Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Single-Cell Perturbation Modeling

arXiv cs.LG Jie Yan, Li Liu, Hanze Guo, Jiaxin Hu, Houxin He, Xiaoning Qi, Haoran Wang, Cong Li, Zhong-Yuan Zhang, Yong Wang 2026-09-17 arXiv:2609.19970
Public signals Semantic Scholar citations 0 · Semantic Scholar influential citations 0
Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · Citations 0 · Influential citations 0 X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-24 14:18:04.698472 UTC

TL;DR - CellRFT is a reinforcement fine-tuning framework for single-cell perturbation models that directly optimizes non-differentiable biological evaluation criteria. It aims to align training with biologically meaningful outcomes rather than relying solely on surrogate losses.

  • Uses policy-gradient optimization with evaluations of generated cell populations as training feedback.
  • Combines multiple biological rewards through hierarchical reward aggregation.
  • Experiments across different pretrained models report improved perturbation prediction.
  • Results show that biological criteria can conflict or reinforce one another, highlighting implications for reward and evaluation design.
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