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Foundation model embeddings capture pre-diagnostic changes on screening mammograms

Research Medical/Healthcare AI

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TL;DR - Foundation-model embeddings captured subtle longitudinal mammogram changes before cancer diagnosis without task-specific adaptation. The effect depended strongly on clinically grounded pretraining, suggesting embeddings could support earlier breast-cancer risk detection.

  • The study analyzed 1,773 biopsied women and 1,773 matched controls, each with at least two annual screenings before the index exam.
  • Malignant cases moved faster than controls along a data-derived “cancer direction” during the two preceding screening intervals in MedImageInsight’s embedding space.
  • Mammo-CLIP and HOPPR showed narrower significant effects, while BiomedCLIP showed none.
  • Results were broadly consistent across matched case-control and within-patient contralateral-breast comparisons.

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Foundation model embeddings capture pre-diagnostic changes on screening mammograms

arXiv cs.CV Kalina P. Slavkova, Eric Brattain, Aditya Gowd, Akash Pattnaik, Jean-Benoit Delbrouck, Matthew Morgan, Julie Bauml, Javid Abderezaei, Khan Siddiqui 2026-09-22 arXiv:2609.26605
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Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-26 14:14:33.078915 UTC

TL;DR - Foundation-model embeddings captured subtle longitudinal mammogram changes before cancer diagnosis without task-specific adaptation. The effect depended strongly on clinically grounded pretraining, suggesting embeddings could support earlier breast-cancer risk detection.

  • The study analyzed 1,773 biopsied women and 1,773 matched controls, each with at least two annual screenings before the index exam.
  • Malignant cases moved faster than controls along a data-derived “cancer direction” during the two preceding screening intervals in MedImageInsight’s embedding space.
  • Mammo-CLIP and HOPPR showed narrower significant effects, while BiomedCLIP showed none.
  • Results were broadly consistent across matched case-control and within-patient contralateral-breast comparisons.
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