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Exact Quantile Balancing and Load-Error Injection for Mixture-of-Experts

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TL;DR - This paper introduces Exact Quantile Balancing (EQB) and Load-Error Injection (LEI) to improve global and microbatch-level expert balance in distributed Mixture-of-Experts training. Experiments on 7.5B-parameter models indicate better balance and downstream performance with negligible added communication.

  • EQB computes exact global-batch BF16 routing quantiles, avoiding shard-dependent or approximate estimates.
  • LEI injects local expert-load errors directly into router-score gradients to improve microbatch balance.
  • Across training runs of up to 500B tokens, EQB outperforms naive Quantile Balancing in global balance and downstream quality.
  • LEI achieves better local balance than the GShard auxiliary loss at comparable model quality.

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Exact Quantile Balancing and Load-Error Injection for Mixture-of-Experts

arXiv cs.LG Pit Neitemeier, Jiaze Li, Alessio Serra, Philipp Scholl, Sohir Maskey 2026-09-23 arXiv:2609.28053
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Providers: Hugging Face · N/A OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-26 14:14:23.209435 UTC

TL;DR - This paper introduces Exact Quantile Balancing (EQB) and Load-Error Injection (LEI) to improve global and microbatch-level expert balance in distributed Mixture-of-Experts training. Experiments on 7.5B-parameter models indicate better balance and downstream performance with negligible added communication.

  • EQB computes exact global-batch BF16 routing quantiles, avoiding shard-dependent or approximate estimates.
  • LEI injects local expert-load errors directly into router-score gradients to improve microbatch balance.
  • Across training runs of up to 500B tokens, EQB outperforms naive Quantile Balancing in global balance and downstream quality.
  • LEI achieves better local balance than the GShard auxiliary loss at comparable model quality.
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