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On-policy Distillation with Verifiable Reward

Research LLMs & Foundation Models

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TL;DR - OPDVR combines on-policy distillation’s dense token-level guidance with verifiable task-level rewards for LLM post-training, without introducing new hyperparameters. It aims to preserve teacher guidance while preventing incorrect trajectories from receiving positively aligned distillation signals.

  • Reformulates sampled-token distillation rewards according to trajectory correctness.
  • Uses ReLU gating so correct trajectories receive non-negative rewards and incorrect ones receive non-positive rewards.
  • Converts sampled-token distillation into an RLVR-compatible objective that can be used with policy-gradient methods such as GRPO.
  • Consistently outperforms standard on-policy distillation across six reasoning benchmarks.

Sources (1)

On-policy Distillation with Verifiable Reward

arXiv cs.LG Wenze Lin, Jiale Zhao, Xitai Jiang, Songde Rao, Yining Li, Shenzhi Wang, Bingxiang He, Gao Huang 2026-08-25 arXiv:2608.24696
Public signals Hugging Face upvotes 17
Providers: Hugging Face · Upvotes 17 OpenAlex · N/A Publisher · N/A Semantic Scholar · N/A X · N/A Fetched 2026-09-25 14:28:39.908645 UTC

TL;DR - OPDVR combines on-policy distillation’s dense token-level guidance with verifiable task-level rewards for LLM post-training, without introducing new hyperparameters. It aims to preserve teacher guidance while preventing incorrect trajectories from receiving positively aligned distillation signals.

  • Reformulates sampled-token distillation rewards according to trajectory correctness.
  • Uses ReLU gating so correct trajectories receive non-negative rewards and incorrect ones receive non-positive rewards.
  • Converts sampled-token distillation into an RLVR-compatible objective that can be used with policy-gradient methods such as GRPO.
  • Consistently outperforms standard on-policy distillation across six reasoning benchmarks.
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